Structural Changes and Specificity of Enzymes in Aqueous/Organic Media.

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  • KISE Hideo
    Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba

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  • 有機溶媒／水系における酵素の構造変化と反応特異性
  • ユウキ ヨウバイ ミズケイ ニ オケル コウソ ノ コウゾウ ヘンカ ト ハン

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Abstract

The results of recent spectroscopic studies on structure of proteasses in aqueous/organic media are reviewed. The changes of fluorescence and circular dichroic spectra of α-chy-motrypsin and subtilisins were closely related to the change of catalytic activity of the enzymes. This indicates that the change of the catalytic activity in organic solvents as compared to that in aqueous solutions is mainly ascribed to the change in higher structures of the enzymes. The substrate specificity and enantiospecificity of proteases are also dependent on the nature of organic solvents and aqueous/organic solvent composition. Generally, S1 site specificity of proteases in organic solutions is very similar to that in aqueous solutions, whereas S'1 specificities are different for reactions in aqueous and organic solutions. The applications of enzyme reactions in mainly organic solvents to peptide or ester synthesis and optical resolution of racemic compounds are described.

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