最終氷期の終えんと縄文文化の成立・展開　　縄文時代の森林植生の復元と木材資源の利用

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タイトル別名
  • Termination of Last Glacial Period and the Formation and Development of Jomon Culture in Japan. Forest Vegetation and Utilization of Wood during the Jomon Period in Japan.
  • ジョウモン ジダイ ノ シンリン ショクセイ ノ フクゲン ト モクザイ シゲ

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Forest vegetation and its changes during the Jomon Period are reconstructed on the basis of fossil woods excavated from many archaeological sites in Japan. At the maximum period of the Last Glacial Age (about 20, 000yrs BP) boreal conifer forests consisting of Picea, Larix, Abies and Pinus (Haploxylon) species were developed in Honshu Island. Subsequently, the climate became warmer, and the boreal conifer forests were replaced by cool-temperate deciduous forests consisting of Fraxinus, Ulmus, Juglans, Maackia, Alnus and others in the Incipient Jomon Period (about 11, 000-9, 000yrs BP). This vegetational change accompanying climatic warming continued to the Early Jomon Period (about 6, 000-5, 000yrs BP). At this period, the warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests dominated by Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis and Castanopsis were established in south-western Japan, and the warm-temperate deciduous forests dominated by Fraxinus, Quercus sect. Aegilops, Quercus sect. Pinus, Castanea and others were developed in eastern Japan, while in northernmost Honshu the cool-temperate deciduous forests were preserved. Such regional differences in vegetation were maintained until the end of the Jomon Period (about 2, 000yrs BP).<br>With the development of human communities during the Jomon Period, the impact on natural forests of human activity became stronger and resulted in the establishment of secondary forests composed of deciduous broad-leaved forests such as Castanea, Quercus sect. Aegilops, Quercus sect. Pinus, Zelkova, and some others. The recent mixed deciduous forests around villages in rural areas of Japan may be descendants of these secondary forests.<br>Peoples of the Jomon Period utilized wood for fuel, wooden tools, building houses, and other purposes. Selection of tree species was definitive for some special purposes and indefinitive for other purposes, but Castanea wood was most widely utilized during the Jomon Period all over Japan. It is suggested that the Jomon people may have cultivated Castanea trees for obtaining nuts and wood.

収録刊行物

  • 第四紀研究

    第四紀研究 36 (5), 329-342, 1997

    日本第四紀学会

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