Locational Change of Palaeolithic and Jomon Period Sites in the Echigo Plain, Niigata, Japan.

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  • Oguma Hiroshi
    Archaeological Laboratory, Nagaoka Municipal Science Musium

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  • 越後平野における旧石器・縄文時代の遺跡の立地とその変遷
  • ニイガタ ヘイヤ ニ オケル キュウセッキ ジョウモン ジダイ ノ イセキ ノ

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Abstract

There are numerous Palaeolithic and Jomon sites around the Echigo Plain. The purpose of this paper is to examine locational changes in these sites, laying stress on the alluvial plain.<br>To begin with, it has been definitely shown by taking a general view of site distribution that approximately 110 Palaeolithic sites and more than 700 Jomon period sites exist in this area. Most of the sites are located in marginal hills, whereas the sites in the alluvial plain, such as sand dunes and natural levees, are limited. Changes in sites were most frequent in the middle Jomon and guradually decreased after the late Jomon. The site locations in the early Jomon tend to begin extending on the side of the alluvial plain, and are more widespread after the late Jomon.<br>Next, locational change in coastal areas of the Echigo Plain has been identified on the basis of the following areal subdivisions. (1) east side of the Agano River, (2) west side of the Agano River to the east side of the Shinano River, (3) west side of the Shinano River to the foot of Mts. Kakuda and Yahiko. The number of site varies with area. During the period from the Palaeolithic to the incipient Jomon, there are very few sites and none in the alluvial plain. Sites in the alluvial plain, such as sand dunes, appear the early Jomon. Sites distributed on the side coastal area are from the late and final Jomon.<br>The pattern described above suggests that the early Jomon was an epoch extending to the alluvial plain. The way of habitation, adapting to water areas seems to have been established at that time. After the late Jomon, site distribution extended more to the alluvial plain in connection with climate change, and some large settlements appeared. Before the early Jomon, the pattern of distribution, in which sites are hardly found on the alluvial plain, has been caused by a sedimentary environment of alluvium. There is a good possibility that the sites had been buried in thickly deposited alluvium.

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