Early stages of secondary succession on abandoned cropland in north-east Borneo Island

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<jats:p>A study on community structure and floristic change in the early stages of the tropical old‐field succession in an intensive shifting cultivation area, Sabah, north‐east Borneo Island, was conducted in March and September 1997. Dense therophytic communities were established soon after abandonment, and rapidly changed: namely, from <jats:italic>Galinsoga parviflora</jats:italic> (in approximately 1–2 months) to <jats:italic>Crassocephalum crepidioides</jats:italic> (in approximately 3–5 months) and further to <jats:italic>Conyza sumatrensis</jats:italic> (in approximately 1 year). These therophytic communities were replaced by perennial grass and shrub species, such as <jats:italic>Imperata cylindrica</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eupatorium odoratum</jats:italic>, within 3 years after abandonment. At this stage, a few pioneer tree species such as <jats:italic>Trema orientalis</jats:italic> made a sparse canopy layer approximately 3–4 m high. The three pioneer annuals have wind‐dispersed small seeds. The plant densities of the three annuals did not appear to change between areas fallow for 1 month and 4 months. Almost all of the seedlings of the three annuals might simultaneously have invaded the fallowed field soon after abandonment. The three pioneer annuals take a different amount of time to reach their respective mature sizes. This resulted in the rapid successional changes in the tropical old‐field succession. The seed‐bank annuals, whose seeds germinate after the winter pre‐chilling, occurred in the temperate old‐fields as the first‐year pioneers under seasonal condition. Intermittent shifting cultivation and tropical conditions without seasonality favour the occurrence of wind‐dispersed annuals with a spatially fugitive strategy.</jats:p>

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