Spatial Structure of Urban syatem in Korea in Terms of Intercity Passenger Flows.

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  • 都市間旅客流動からみた韓国都市システムの空間構造
  • トシ カン リョカク リュウドウ カラ ミタ カンコク トシ システム ノ クウカン コウゾウ

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Abstract

An urban system consists of node and linkage, which are indispensable to study the changing process of an urban system. In this study, we investigate the changing process of the urban system of Korea through linkagesby analyzing the OD data of long-distance intercity passenger flows using public transportationbetween 38 major cities in Korea in 1977, 1985, and 1995. Intercity passenger flows withinthe same Do (province) and short-distance flows of less than 90km are excluded toconcentrate the analysis to long-distance flows, which reflect linkages of the natural urban system. Theresults are as follows:<BR>The factor analysis (R-mode) selects majorlinkages with factor scores of more than ±1.0 and with factor loadings of more than ±0.6.<BR>In 1977, Factor 1 represents the most dominantflows from Seoul or Taegu to most of the other cities. Factor 2 represents flows from theinland cities to the coastal industrial cities in Kyongsangnam-do. Factor 3 repersents flowsto Kyonggi-do (Seoul metropolitan area), and Factor 4 represents flows to cities inouter part of the coastal industrial area.<BR>In 1985, Factor 1 and Factor 2 represent the samepatterns as those of Factors 1 and 2 in 1977, respectively. But Factors 3 and 4 in 1977changed positions with each other, because of the rapid growth of the coastal industrial cities in Kyongsangnam-do.<BR>In 1995, Factor 1 represents flows from Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, and Taejon. Factor 2 represents flows to Kyonggi-do. The factors representingflows to the coastal industrial cities in Kyongsangnam-do (Factor 2 in 1985), however, losttheir relative importance, because of the termination of rapid economic growth. TheSeoul metropolitan area has reinforced its primacy in the 1990s, followed by the growth ofregional centers such as Pusan, Taegu, and Taejon.<BR>The analysis of the largest flow from each cityshows that Seoul has always been the largest destinaton and has strengthened its dominance.As for the second largest flow, Pusan, Taegu, and Taejon have been major destinations, and Pusan has become the second important city after Seoul. On the other hand, manysmaller cities have lost their status as destinations of flows, and cities in Cholla-do have becomemore closely connected to the Seoul metropolitan area.<BR>The four large cities, Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, and Taejon also occupy high relative positions in the linkage between cities. Kwanjiu and Chonjurank next, and other cities such as Ulsan, Pohang, Suwon, Kangnung, and Chinju also raised theirrelative positions in the 1990s.<BR>Judging from these results, we can conclude that thehierarchical structure in the urban system of Korea has strengthened at the side of the linkageas seen from that of node.

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