日本のテフラ-土壌累積断面における腐植集積モデルの分解係数の修正 Modification of Decomposing Coefficient in Humus Accumulation Model Applied to Tephra-soil Sequence in Japan
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- 青木 久美子 AOKI Kumiko
- 東京工業大学大学院総合理工学研究科 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
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- 渡邊 眞紀子 WATANABE Makiko
- 東京工業大学大学院総合理工学研究科 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
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- 坂上 寛一 SAKAGAMI Kan-ichi
- 東京農工大学農学部 Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.
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著者
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- 青木 久美子 AOKI Kumiko
- 東京工業大学大学院総合理工学研究科 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
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- 渡邊 眞紀子 WATANABE Makiko
- 東京工業大学大学院総合理工学研究科 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
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- 坂上 寛一 SAKAGAMI Kan-ichi
- 東京農工大学農学部 Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.
抄録
陸成の土壌の炭素含量を用いて過去の気候環境を推定する場合,埋没腐植層に対する埋没後の変質も考慮しなければならない.過去の腐植集積量を推定する方法の一つとして,時間を変数とする腐植集積モデルがある.Jenkinsonの腐植集積モデルに対して求められたWadaの腐植分解係数rは日本の火山灰土壌の表土への適用であり,このrをJenkinson逆モデルを用いて埋没土に適用させた場合,炭素含有量がWadaの初期条件である200g・kg<sup>-1</sup>を超えてしまうという問題点が生じた.そこで本研究では,分解係数rの修正を試み,その上で腐植集積逆モデルを用いてテフラ-土壌累積断面によって求められた炭素含有量による完新世気候変化の推定についての有効性を検討した.その手順としてまず,選択溶解による無機コロイド成分の分析結果から,本モデルは腐植-アルミニウム複合体が存在する期間内で適用できると考えた.またrの修正にあたり,気候環境を考慮し,阿蘇,愛鷹,十和田地域のテフラ-土壌累積断面を対象にKiraの乾湿示数(K)で求あられる現在の気候条件と表土の炭素含量の関係に基づいてrの修正方向を考えた.つぎに,炭素含有量が漸近値250g・kg<sup>-1</sup>を超えないという仮定のもとで,rを増減させることにより修正rを決定した.この修正分解係数rをJenkinson逆モデルに適用し,阿蘇,愛鷹,十和田における完新世テフラ-土壌累積断面中の炭素含量の変動から,埋没土における腐植集積平衡値(Cmax)の変動を求あた.Cmaxの時系列曲線には約3ka,6ka,8～9kaにピークが認められ,これは他の古環境代用データの時系列曲線と類似しており,修正rの適用の有効性が示された.Cmaxは植物生産活動の背景としての過去の太陽放射強度を反映するものと考えられる.
The purpose of this study is to modify the decomposition coefficient (r) of the reversing Jenkinson's model: Cmax=C/exp-0.000125t applied to humus accumulation in tephra-soil sequence. The decomposing coefficient (r) was optimized by the following procedure. 1) Examine the inorganic colloid components conducted by selective dissolution analysis to understand the state of humus bonding with aluminum that was considered to assign the age limitation for applying the model. 2) Examine the relationship between present climatic condition represented as Humidity index (K, mm/°C) and carbon content of topsoil of Holocene tephra-soil to determine the direction of modifying the decomposing coefficient (r). 3) Determine the decomposing coefficient (r) by applying the enlarged or reduced coefficient (r) to the reversing Jenkinson's model on the assumption that equilibrium carbon content (Cmax) should not exceed 250g·kg<sup>-1</sup>. The modified coefficient (r) was obtained for three representative tephra-soil sequences, Aso, Ashitaka and Towada in Japan. Since chronological sequence of Cmax, the equilibrium carbon content, in the Holocene soils resembled to the other proxy data of past environmental change, it may be considered that the equilibrium value of humus accumulation in the buried soils of tephra-soil sequence reflect the strength of the past solar radiation as the background condition of the yield of plants.
収録刊行物
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- 第四紀研究
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第四紀研究 40(4), 319-330, 2001-08-01
Japan Association for Quaternary Research
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