Sex Preselection in Farm Animals by Flow Cytometric Separation of X- and Y-Chromosome Bearing Spermatozoa.

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Abstract

Sex preselection by use of X- and Y- chromosome bearing spermatozoa has been recognized to be more efficient. A flow cytometric sperm sorting based on the difference of their DNA content is the best method for separation of X- and Y-sperm. To date, the flow cytometrically sorted sperm has been involved in the production of sex preselected offspring by surgical intratubal insemination, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. At first, flow cytometer was modified for DNA confirmation and sorting of sperm with high resolution. Especially, the beveled insertion tube could regulate orientation of flat-shaped sperm head. The forward fluorescent detector was essential for measuring DNA contents of sperm. Recently, the high-speed sperm sorting with the orienting nozzle resulted in production of 90% purity of X- and Y-sperm at rate of 6 million sperm per hour. This application can enable to accomplish more conventional technology for both artificial insemination and cryopreservation of X- or Y-sperm in farm animals.

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