視覚障害者の移動環境評価とモビリティ規定要因

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タイトル別名
  • Behavioral Environments for Blind and Visually Impaired People and the Mobility Determinants
  • シカク ショウガイシャ ノ イドウ カンキョウ ヒョウカ ト モビリティ キテイ ヨウイン

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The aim of this paper is to consider the mobility determinants for blind and visually impaired people in their daily lives based on the relationships between the behavioral environments evaluated and personal attributes.<br> First, factor analysis was used to summarize types and levels of satisfaction for behavioral environments by blind and visually impaired people. Second, multiple regression analysis was used to investigate relationships between their mobility, as defined by the rate of independent behavior, evaluation factors reflecting the levels of satisfaction regarding behavioral environments, and the personal attributes of subjects. Third, we applied cluster analysis to classify the subjects into subgroups with relatively homogenous evaluations of their behavioral environment. The following relationships were identified:<br> (1) Levels of satisfaction for behavioral environments<br> Analyses confirmed that there are five factors regulating the various levels of satisfaction with the behavioral environments: physical support; spatial orientation; the nature of physical impairment; provision and utilization of information needed regarding behavior; and degree to which subjects undertake behavioral performance. These factors should be treated as mutually complementary when we discuss the relationships between an individual's mobility and levels of satisfaction with behavioral environments. It is noteworthy that these findings indicate that in order to understand the attitudes of blind and visually impaired people we must consider not only psychological but also social and physical elements.<br> (2) Mobility determinants and the characteristics of blind and visually impaired people<br> Multiple regression analysis shows that there is no strong correlation between mobility and levels of satisfaction. This means that the level of satisfaction regarding behavioral environments is not always a defining element in the mobility of blind and visually impaired people. Rather, variations in the personal attributes of subjects are related to satisfaction level. These results can be explained by following situations: a) people forced to behave independently had a high satisfaction level regarding their own skills needed for independent behaviors, but their levels of satisfaction with their social and physical environment were relatively low; b) people supported by family members or helpers had high satisfaction levels regarding the physical and information supports needed for behavior.<br> We can conclude that blind and visually impaired people's mobility can show great diversity dueto individual differences even, when subjects share the same type of impairment. Overall variation is a function of differences in the degree of disability, consciousness of the behavioral environment, and the behavioral environments surrounding subjects. Therefore we should carefully consider physical, psychological, and social aspects of barriers to clarify the constraints on their daily travel behavior. Understanding the relationships between the individual satisfaction levels and the personal attributes of subjects will contribute to developing effective policies and efforts to removepsychological and social barriers to their daily travel behavior.

収録刊行物

  • 地理学評論

    地理学評論 75 (14), 887-900, 2002

    公益社団法人 日本地理学会

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