超微量元素の栄養

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  • Ultratrace Element Nutrition.
  • チョウビリョウ ゲンソ ノ エイヨウ

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Ultratrace elements are usually defined as essential minerals of which requirementsare less than lmg/day for humans or less than lmg/kg diet for animals.The essentialityfor humans of manganese, chromium, molybdenum, selenium, iodine and cobalt (as acomponent of vitamin B12) is established.Noncorrin function of cobalt is recently reported.Possibly essential elements with circumstantial evidence may include lithium, boron, fluorine, aluminum, silicone, vanadium, nickel, arsenic, bromine, rubidium, cadmium, tinand lead.Further investigation may add new members to the lists of established or possiblyessential elements.In the 6th edition Japanese Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), RDA was decided for iodine, selenium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum.In addition to these 5 elements found in the Japanese RDA, the adequate intake offluorine as fluoride was determined based on its cariostatic action;arsenic, boron, nickel, silicone, and vanadium were considered possibly essential or beneficial for humans in theUS Dietary Reference Intakes.The physiological function of ultratrace elements isdiverse.<BR>The current studies on nickel nutrition are summarized as a topic in ultratrace elementnutrition.Nickel deficiency evokes retarded growth and diminished reproduction rates inrats and goats;male reproductive function abnormalities, hypertension, kidney damageand abnormal iron metabolism in rats;structural abnormalities in mitochondria of chickhepatocytes;and hyperhomocy steinemia in vitamin B12-deficient pigs.The physiologicalconcentration of nickel is known to stabilize cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels (CNG) that regulate signal transduction or native function in vision, olfaction, natriuresis, blood pressure control and sperm motility.Thus, these signs of nickel deficiency may be related to the CNG function.

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