沖縄県の女子大生の少子化対策としての意識  [in Japanese] The perception of university women about measures concerning the drop in children's population in Okinawa  [in Japanese]

沖縄県は, 全国一の出生率を継続しているが年々, 減少しつつある。沖縄の女子大生が少子化の対策としてどのような意識をもっているかを調査し, 少子化対策への基礎資料とするため記述式の回答を分析した。少子化対策として863の記述があり, これらは155種類にまとめられた。このように女子大生は小子化対策としてさまざまな認識を持っていたが, 最も多くみられた記述は, 50人による夫の育児協力であった。育児協力に関しては他に家族の育児協力を32人地域の育児協力を12人が記述しており, 合わせると94人(39.2%)が記述していた。女子大生の記述で, 所得の安定や, 子どもの養育費の低下より, 育児協力や育児所の増加, 育児休暇などが多く抽出されたことは, 女子大生が子育てを家庭的なものとしてとらえており, ひとりで子どもを育てることに困難さを感じていることの表れといえよう。また, 本調査での女子大生の希望子ども数は2.7±0.7人であり, 3人以上の子どもを希望した者が151人(62.9%)おり, 条件さえ整っておれば, 2人以上の子どもを産む可能性のあることを示唆した。女性が子どもを産まなくなったといわれる昨今, 産む女性の認識を把握し希望する子ども数を産めるよう対処していくことは大切である。

Total fertility rate in Japan has lowered to 1.29 in 2004. The purpose of this study is to clarify how the university women perceive the measures of children's depopulation. This inquiry was performed at two universities in Okinawa in 1998. Subjects were required to write their own consideration about the measures of children's depopulation on their own words. The analysis was carried out by using the computer with BASIC language that classified and breaks down the described sentences into key words. 240 subjects answered the question. There were 863 words totally and these words were classified into 155 kinds of different words. The average key words that mentioned by each student were 3.4 ±2.1. Most frequent word was husband's cooperation that was encountered 50 times, followed by increase of nurseries 43 times, child-care leave 41 times. Family cooperation excepting husband and cost of childcare were 32 times each. While spiritual comfort, environment at workplace and problem of residence were encountered only one timeeach. The university women conceived the most importance of measure is such as the lack of cooperation of husband and their families, inadequate nurseries and leave for child care as a cause of the decreased total fertility rate in Okinawa. Their ideal number of children was 2.7±0.7, which was higher than the birth rate of 1.83 in 1998 in Okinawa. It is important to understand the perception of university woman and improve the social circumstance and policies to accept their wills.