分娩期ケアにおける助産師のSelf-Efficacy  [in Japanese] Self-Efficacy of midwives in intrapartum care  [in Japanese]

分娩期ケア能力の測定用具として助産師による分娩期ケアのSelf-Efficacy尺度(以下分娩期ケアSE尺度)を作成し, その信頼性と妥当性を検討することを目的に研究を行った。尺度作成の手続きとして, 文献ならびにフォーカスグループから抽出された項目について, Houseのソーシャルサポートの構成要素に対応させながら精選し, 6つの構成要素からなる50項目の質問紙試案を作成した。さらに, 予備調査を実施し, 回答分布の偏りをもとに項目を洗練し, 分娩期ケアSE尺度を完成させた。次に病院勤務の助産師265名を対象に, 分娩期ケアSE尺度の信頼性と妥当性を検討した。因子分析では, 40項目, 4因子の因子構造が明らかになった。基準関連妥当性には, 各下位尺度得点と一般性Self-Efficacy尺度(以下GSES)得点(r=.27〜.30, p<.01)および自尊感情尺度得点(r=.25〜.32, p<.01)との相関関係を確認した結果, すべてに低い正の相関が認められた。尺度の信頼性の検討には, 各下位尺度のCronbach α係数(α=.93〜.98), 安定性の評価には, 各下位尺度の再テスト法(r=.93〜.97, p<.01)を実施し, 高い信頼性が得られた。以上のことより, 分娩期ケアSE尺度は, 4下位尺度, 40項目から構成され, その信頼性と妥当性の一部が確認された。

As a method to assess intrapartum care ability, we developed a Self-Efficacy Scale for intrapartum care by midwives (intrapartum care SE Scale), and evaluated its reliability and validity. Items in the scale were carefully selected from items extracted from the literature and focus group with referral to the constituents of House's social support, and a trial questionnaire consisting of 50 items in 6 categories was produced. In addition, a preliminary survey was performed, and the questionnaire items were refined based on the bias in the reply distribution, and an intrapartum care SE Scale was completed. Next, the reliability and validity of the intrapartum care SE Scale were evaluated in 265 midwives working in hospitals. Factor analysis revealed a factor structure of 40 items and 4 factors. Concerning criteria associated validity, low positive correlations were confirmed between the score for each subscale and the score for the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) (r=.27 - .30, p<.01) as well as the score for the SelfEsteem Scale (r=.26 - .32, p<.01). High reliability of the scale was observed in terms of the Cronbach a coefficient for each subscale (a=.93 - .98), and high stability was observed by the retest method for each subscale (r=.93 - .97, p<.01). These results showed that the intrapartum care SE Scale consists of 4 subscales and 40 items, and also confirmed a part of its reliability and its validity.