Relationship between abnormalities of genes involved in DNA damage responses and malignant tumors/autoimmune diseases

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  • YOO Sa Kan
    Division of Biomedical Regulation, Department of Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University
  • ONISHI Nobuyuki
    Division of Biomedical Regulation, Department of Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University
  • KATO Naoko
    Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
  • YODA Akinori
    Division of Biomedical Regulation, Department of Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University
  • MINAMI Yasuhiro
    Division of Biomedical Regulation, Department of Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University

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  • ＤＮＡ損傷応答関連遺伝子の異常と悪性腫瘍・自己免疫疾患との関連について

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Abstract

  The maintenance of genomic stability is an essential cellular function for a variety of well-coordinated regulation of biological activities of organisms, and a failure in its function results in the accumulation of mutations and/or abnormality in the induction of apoptosis, eventually leading to onsets of various diseases, including malignant tumors. DNA damage responses, in particular cell-cycle checkpoint regulation, play important roles in maintaining genomic integrity. In response to DNA damages induced by γ-irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, various chemicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), intrinsic cell-cycle checkpoint machinery is rapidly activated to arrest cells at particular cell-cycle points, and during cell-cycle checkpoint arrest cells may try to repair damaged DNAs, and then re-start cell-cycle upon the completion of DNA repair. Alternatively, if the extents of DNA damage overwhelm the capacity of the cellular repair machinery, cells may undergo apoptosis to prevent the accumulation of mutations within the organisms. In this article, we will first explain about our current view of DNA damage responses, in particular cell-cycle checkpoint regulation, and summarize our knowledge of the relationships between abnormalities of genes involved in DNA damage responses and malignant tumors, including hematopoietic malignancies. We will also discuss a possible implication of DNA damage responses in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.<br>

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