土壌水分モデルを組み込んだ分布型流出モデルの開発

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  • Development of Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model Incorporating Soil Moisture Model

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This paper discusses a distributed rainfall-runoff model which is developed considering soil moisture content, and applied to the Daido river watershed, Japan. The watershed is represented by subdividing it into many uniform small cells in a grid as an approach for a distributed system. Cell-based soil moisture content and other physical factors influence the runoff generation process and water movement to and from the cell. The model comprises a soil moisture submodel in which the rainfall, evapotranspiration and infiltration interact to produce different runoff components and a tank submodel which transforms the generated runoff into discharge. It simulates water balance at each cell using single outflow path, and lumped assumption is taken for baseflow. Geographic information system (GIS) is used to obtain the spatially distributed data. Observed river flow hydrograph of the year 2001 is compared to model predicted one, and it is found that the developed model shows good performance in terms of the model efficiency criterion R2. The model is verified thrice separately for each year of 1998, 1999 and 2000 to investigate the validity of the model parameters identified, and it is found that R2 is in the acceptable range. Therefore, the developed distributed rainfall-runoff model would be dependable for discharge estimation.

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