Study on Pollutant Pathway of Norovirus Contamination in Oysters

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  • SAITO Koichi
    Department of Health Science, Research Institute for Environmental Science and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture
  • SATO Naoto
    Department of Health Science, Research Institute for Environmental Science and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture
  • TAKAHASHI Akemi
    Department of Health Science, Research Institute for Environmental Science and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture
  • TSUTSUMI Reiko
    Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University
  • SATO Shigehiro
    Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University

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Other Title
  • カキのノロウイルス汚染経路に関する検討
  • カキ ノ ノロウイルス オセン ケイロ ニ カンスル ケントウ

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Abstract

Noroviruses (NVs) cause human gastroenteritis through person-to-person transmission and via contaminated foods. In food poisoning, a major suspected cause is the consumption of raw oysters. We detected NVs from environmental water and oysters around a closed gulf where oysters are cultivated. We collected oyster and water samples once or twice a month for 30 months from October 2001 to March 2004. We then studied monthly changes in virus occurrence and in genetic relationships among 208 NVs isolated from water and oyster samples and from the feces of children suffering from acute gastroenteritis during the same period in the same region.<BR>In the analysis of untreated water flowing into farm sewage, NVs were detected year round. In other water samples -processed sewage, river water, and seawater-, oysters, and children's feces, NVs were detected mainly in winter. A comparison of NV nucleotide sequences showed genetic diversity, but some strains predominated in certain winter seasons. These predominant strains were detected across sample materials. In 2002/03, an identical strain was detected in sewage, river water, seawater, oysters, and feces. We also found that NV genetic types changed at the beginning of the season, in November or December, in both 2001/02 and 2002/03.<BR>This study showed a clear relationship between NVs detected in children's feces and those in environmental water and oysters. These results support the idea that NVs are transmitted from the feces of infected persons to oysters by the flow of water through farm sewage, rivers, and the sea, finally accumulating in the mid-gut gland of oysters.

Journal

  • Kansenshogaku Zasshi

    Kansenshogaku Zasshi 80 (4), 399-404, 2006

    The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases

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