Basic and Epidemiological Studies on Calcium Nutrition for Japanese People

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  • Kitano Takao
    Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University

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  • カルシウム栄養に関する基礎的・疫学的研究
  • カルシウム エイヨウ ニ カンスル キソテキ エキガクテキ ケンキュウ

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Abstract

It is well known that calcium is an essential mineral for humans, and its requirement has been well established by biochemical and microbiological techniques. However there is little evidence about the recommended dietary intake as calcium for Japanese people. It is difficult to obtain information about calcium utilization which is affected by multiple factors involving other minerals and such nutrients as protein, oil and vitamins in the human body.<br>We report here the results of calcium studies involving basic and epidemiological work which focus on calcium nutrition for Japanese people.<br>A study on calcium balance, which is affected by the protein intake, was conducted on 27 children aged 3-6 years and on 6 adult males aged 19-21 years. A survey was also conducted on the relationship between urinary nitrogen and calcium excretion and physical development for 217 males and females aged 9-15 years. There was significant correlation between the protein intake and urinary calcium excretion with both children and adults, while there was a negative correlation between the protein intake and calcium retention. This result suggests that the protein intake was also related to calcium utilization in Japanese people.<br>The relationships among bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and lifestyle from a 10-year follow-up study involving 214 females aged 20 years and from a cross-sectional study involving 2, 652 females aged 19-40 years were also deduced. There was significant correlation between BMD and lean body mass and body mass index (BMI) from the results of both studies, while there was a negative correlation between BMD and the body fat percentage from both studies.<br>Many unknown factors affect calcium utilization in relation to other minerals and nutrients, so it is important to obtain evidence about the roles of nutrients to improve the effects of preventive medicine.

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