Review of Prospective Cohort Studies on the Effect of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and on the Effect of Light Drinking on Children's Somatic Growth

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  • Sudo Noriko
    Department of Health Promotion and Research, National Institute of Public Health
  • Sato Kayoko
    Department of Health Promotion and Research, National Institute of Public Health

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Other Title
  • 胎児期のアルコール曝露の影響に関する前向きコホート研究の動向と少量飲酒が子どもの身体発育に及ぼす影響についての系統的レビュー
  • タイジキ ノ アルコール バクロ ノ エイキョウ ニ カンスル マエムキ コホート ケンキュウ ノ ドウコウ ト ショウリョウ インシュ ガ コドモ ノ シンタイ ハツイク ニ オヨボス エイキョウ ニ ツイテ ノ ケイトウテキ レビュー

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Abstract

A systematic review of prospective cohort studies published in 1968-2004 was conducted to provide information on the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure. Since the risk of light drinking is controversial, we also reviewed selected studies that assessed the effect of consuming less than 14g of absolute alcohol per day. Literature searches of the Medline and Igakuchuozasshi database yielded 652 citations in total. By scanning the titles and reading the abstracts, we were able to exclude 565 papers on animal studies, studies assessing alcohol consumption by recall, casecontrol studies, case reports, meta-analyses and proceedings, studies not quantitatively assessing alcohol consumption, studies on binge drinking, and narrative reviews and proceedings. The remaining 87 papers were read in full, and a further 30 were excluded based on the foregoing exclusion criteria. In total, 57 cohort studies were reviewed. The reported effects of prenatal alcohol exposure varied, with growth retardation, congenital anomalies, morphological brain abnormalities, sleep disturbance, neurological dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction, low IQ, learning difficulties, attention deficit, and behavioral problems being reported. The effects of light drinking on children's somatic growth were inconsistent. Meta-analyses for each effect need to be conducted to establish evidence-based guidelines for drinking during pregnancy. The present indications are that light drinking during pregnancy should be avoided due to lack of evidence that it is safe.

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