Bark stripping by sika deer on veitch fir related to stand age, bark nutrition, and season in northern Mount Fuji district, central Japan

  • Zhaowen Jiang
    Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, 5597–1 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida 403-0005, Japan
  • Hironori Ueda
    Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, 5597–1 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida 403-0005, Japan
  • Masahiko Kitahara
    Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, 5597–1 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida 403-0005, Japan
  • Hiroo Imaki
    Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, 5597–1 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida 403-0005, Japan

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