自動車乗員における顎顔面外傷重症度の検討

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  • Severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries in motor vehicle occupants
  • ジドウシャ ジョウイン ニ オケル ガク ガンメン ガイショウ ジュウショウド ノ ケントウ

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Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are the leading cause of oral and maxillofacial injuries. We retrospectively analyzed the severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by MVAs.<BR>Hospital records were reviewed for all patients who had sustained oral or maxillofacial injuries in MVAs and been admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, from 1994 through 2003.<BR>A total of 105 patients, with a mean injury severity score (ISS) of 9.2±9.0, were studied. Age ranged from 1 to 89 years, with a mean age of 29.0±15.3 years. Although patients with oral or maxillofacial injuries had extremely low ISSs, hospitalization was relatively long. Furthermore, the longer the duration of hospitalization, the higher was the maximum abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score of the patients. The ISS and AIS scores were compared between patients brought to the hospital by ambulance and those coming by other means.<BR>The ISS and AIS scores of the chest and extremities were significantly higher in the ambulance group (11.1±9.6, 0.8±1.4, 1.1±1.2, respectively) than in others (7.0±7.8, 0.1±0.6, 0.7±0.8, respectively, p<0.05). However, the AIS scores of the face were similar in these two groups (1.9±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6). Furthermore, the incidences and severities of oral and maxillofacial injuries were compared between with and without the use of seat belts. The incidences of maxillofacial injuries and the AIS score of the face did not differ significantly between the two groups. Because wearing seat belts cannot prevent all oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by MVAs, both dentists and oral surgeons must pay greater attention to the mechanisms of such oral and maxillofacial injuries.

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