Impacts of recent dry weather on a tropical rain forest in Sumatra with special reference to stand dynamics during the last two decades

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This study aimed to clarify the impacts of recent dry weather on the stand dynamics of a tropical rainforest in Sumatra based on long-term observations of a 1-ha plot from 1981 to 2004 at approximately 1.5-year intervals. The west coastal area of Sumatra has suffered severe dry weather during the last decade due to Indian Ocean Dipole Mode events; droughts in 1994 and 1997 were particularly severe. During the study period, the basal area of the plot increased linearly over the first 10 years then tended to remain constant for the last 10 years. We assessed the influences of dry weather on this growth pattern by comparing growth traits of trees (growth, mortality and recruitment rates) among three periods of differing dry weather intensity, being 1981-1989, 1994-1999 and 1999-2004. These traits clearly changed among the three periods, and as a result we could assess the impacts of dry weather from their temporal correspondences. The major 24 genera in the study plot largely changed their basal area dominance during the 22 years. Soft wood genera (broad leaved trees) with higher growth rates increased and hard wood genera with lower growth rates decreased. These changes were caused by increased competition among trees due to the death and defoliation of many canopy trees under the severe water stress conditions. Increased numbers of soft wood genera means that the total biomass will decrease under these basal area conditions because of their low bulk density of woody organs and lower maximum height. This study suggests that the impacts of dry weather in this region might extend to montane forests in the cloud belt.

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  • Tropics

    Tropics 15 (2), 177-187, 2006

    日本熱帯生態学会

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