極限生物圏　　地球生物圏のフロンティア

• 長沼 毅

  広島大学大学院生物圏科学研究科

書誌事項

タイトル別名

• Extremosphere: Frontiers of the Global Biosphere.
• キョクゲン セイブツケン チキュウ セイブツケン ノ フロンティア
• Frontiers of the Global Biosphere
• 地球生物圏のフロンテイア

抄録

The search for life on the edges (frontiers) of the global biosphere bridges earth-bound biology and exobiology. This communication reviews recent microbiological studies on selected “frontiers”, i.e., deep-sea, deep subsurface, and Antarctica. Deep-sea is characterized as the aphotic (non-photosynthetic) habitat, and the primary production is mostly due to the chemosynthetic autotrophy at the hydrothermal vents and methane-rich seeps. Formation of the chemosynthesis-dependent animal communities in the deep leads to the idea that such communities may be found in the “ocean” of the Jovian satellite, Europa. An anoxic (no-O₂), as well as aphotic, condition is characteristic of the deep subsurface biosphere. Microorganisms in the deep subsurface biosphere exploit every available oxidant for anaerobic respiration. Sulfate, nitrate, iron (III) and CO₂ are the representative oxidants in the deep subsurface. Below the 3000 m-thick glacier on Antarctica, >70 lakes having liquid water are entombed. One of such sub-glacial lakes, Lake Vostok, has been a target of “life in extreme environments” and is about to be drill-penetrated for microbiological studies. These biospheric frontiers will provide new knowledge about the diversity and the potential of life on Earth and facilitate the capability of astrobiologial exploration.

収録刊行物

• 地学雑誌

  地学雑誌 112 (2), 226-233, 2003

  公益社団法人 東京地学協会

キーワード

• 深海
• 熱水噴出孔
• 深部地下生物圏
• 南極
• 氷床下湖

詳細情報

• CRID: 1390282679206618880
• NII論文ID: 10020540116
• NII書誌ID: AN00322536
• DOI: 10.5026/jgeography.112.2_226
• ISSN: 18840884
• ISSN: 0022135X
• ISSN: http://id.crossref.org/issn/0022135X
• NDL書誌ID: 6589974
• Web Site: https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I6589974
• 本文言語コード: ja
• データソース種別:
  • JaLC
  • NDL
  • Crossref
  • CiNii Articles
  • KAKEN
• 抄録ライセンスフラグ: 使用不可