Hypothesis of the Lead Defense Mechanism of Carp(Cyprinus carpio)

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  • Sato Tsutomu
    School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
  • Nakagawa Hisaki
    Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Oikawa Shin
    Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
  • Watanabe Midori
    Center of Advanced Instrumental Analysis, Kyushu University

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Abstract

We examined the recovery mechanisms of carp(Cyprinus carpio)in response to severe lead poisoning by exposure over 28 and 114 days. Based on the findings, we developed a hypothesis to explain the main defense mechanisms employed by carp. Under conditions of acute lead poisoning using lead concentrations exceeding 1.0 mg/L, the mechanism employed to prevent the absorption of lead in solution through the gill epithelia was the formation of a mucous membrane on the surface of the gills and body, which acted as a ligand for lead. Conversely, for lead concentrations lower than those required to induce acute lead poisoning, carp may prevent lead uptake by hematopoietic organs by elevating production of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase(ALA-D),which has a high affinity for lead, in the erythrocytes. Since this mechanism is thought to occur in conjunction with hemoglobin biosynthesis, the general defense mechanism employed by carp is thought to be a cumulative response using the two aforementioned physiological mechanisms.

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