River restoration

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  • 河川の自然復元　　河川の自然復元　目標景観
  • カセン ノ シゼン フクゲン モクヒョウ ケイカン
  • 目標景観

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Abstract

The characteristics of rivers are composed of the interrelationship among flow, sediment transport, morphology and vegetation, and such an interrelating system contributes to multiple functions for rivers to serve such as the safety against flood, the water resources utilization, recreation and amenity for human life and ecosystem preservation. The system is a river landscape, and the river management is a management of this system. The recent development of fluvial hydraulics and hydraulics of flow with vegetation to describe the system and habitat hydraulics to evaluate the ecosystem is helpful for the management of river landscape.<BR>Recent change of river landscape is obvious after some large scale impacts on rivers. To recognize the difference of the present river landscape from that estimated without those impacts clarifies the target landscape for river restoration.<BR>The change of river landscape is brought about not necessarily by steady flood but more dominantly by repetition of floods and low-water stages. The morphology changes and some vegetation may be destroyed during flood, while the vegetation increases its territory to newly formed dried area during low-water stage. The abstracted elementary processes are described by river hydraulics, and integration of such analyses makes it possible to describe the landscape change of a stream corridor.<BR>In order to restore the river system and its functions, large scale experiments such as artificial flood and flushing sediment from reservoirs have been done or are planned. Such challenges are in a framework of " adaptive management " which is a hypothesis driven periodic fine-tuning by monitoring and consensus.

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