河川の自然復元　　多自然型川づくりの適用と課題

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  • Methods of application and assignments for natureoriented river works
  • タシゼンガタ カワヅクリ ノ テキヨウ ト カダイ

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Recently, nature-oriented river works have been much improved through many case studies. There are positive results by using native species of vegetation, and by preserving the habitat of all species in the surrounding environment before urbanization is begun. However, there are some cases of negative results where too many large stones are used or low water channels are filled to arrange artificial meanderings. Therefore, we have to consider the unique characteristics and the ecosystem of the river basins. If we focus only on the technology and forget, the importance of the river-basin environment and its biodiversity, only massive construc-tion will remain. We should clarify the reason why the restoration is needed, the places where the renaturalization is necessary, the significance of such areas for restoration, and the points of view on these issues.<BR>In this report, I introduced some references with the knowledge obtained from the studies on the disturbances in ecosystems and on their causes. In particular, I demonstrated the causes of natural and artificial disturbances, and the significance of their classifications. I explained the use of the application of the methods in consideration of the entire river basin instead of using only one particular method of natureoriented river works. I introduced the examples of the Kissimmee River in America and the Yahagi River in Japan to support the understanding of my view point.<BR>Furthermore, the hydraulic-model tests using compound open channels of small-size and middle-size rivers where the grouth of reed was allowed resulted in that the maximum transport capacity was only about 70% of the design flood discharge because of an increase in roughness-coefficient due to the vegetation. Therefore, the methods of application and the subjects concerning nature-oriented river works in the future is that the purpose of eco-design is clarified. I pointed out importance of the investigation on the river planning being adjusted to such increase in the roughness-coefficient due to the nature-oriented river works.

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