我が国に飛来する水鳥におけるＶｉｂｒｉｏ属菌の保有状況

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  • Prevalence of Vibrio spp. in Migratory Aquatic Birds in Japan.
  • ワガクニ ニ ヒライ スル ミズドリ ニ オケル Vibrioゾクキン ノ ホユウ ジョウキョウ

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From April 1999 to May 2000, fresh feces from 343 migratory aquatic birds representing 16 species, including snipes, plovers, and terns, were collected in Chiba and Ibaragi Prefectures, Japan, and examined for the presence of Vibrio spp. Vibrio spp. was isolated from 103 (30.0%) of the 343 samples. Among those positive samples, Vibrio cholerae were isolated from 54 (15.7%), and V. parahaemolyticus from 29 (8.5%) samples. The V. cholerae serovar O-1, which is known to be the principal causative agent of cholera, was not detected in any of the 343 samples. All the isolates were analyzed for the presence of cholera toxin (ctx), NAG-ST (stn), and El Tor hemolysin (hlyA) genes by PCR. Fifty-one point eight percent of the isolates (8.8% of the samples) harbored the hlyA gene, and all the isolates were negative for the ctx and stn genes. Moreover, none of the V. parahaemolyticus strains harbored the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) gene. These results indicate that migratory aquatic birds coming from abroad have a high infection rate with V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. All the V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were non-pathogenic, though a number of the V. cholerae strains possessed the hlyA gene, which has been identified in the majority of isolates obtained from the environment. Therefore, it was concluded that the migratory aquatic birds sampled might be not a reservoir of those pathogens, but, rather, reflect the distribuional conditions of Vibrio spp. in the environment in which those birds live.

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