都市内部における従業者密度分布の変化とその要因―地域メッシュ統計による分析―

DOI 機関リポジトリ Web Site 被引用文献2件 参考文献43件

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Transformation of Employee Density Distribution in Japanese Urban Areas: Analysis of Grid-square Statistics
  • トシ ナイブ ニ オケル ジュウギョウシャ ミツド ブンプ ノ ヘンカ ト ソノ ヨウイン チイキ メッシュ トウケイ ニ ヨル ブンセキ
  • Analysis of Grid-square Statistics
  • 地域メッシュ統計による分析

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抄録

Since the late 1970s, the structures of Japanese urban areas have been diversifying significantly due to industrial transformation and motorization. In recent years, urban structures have attracted attention with regard to the concept of a compact city. However, it has not yet been clarified how urban structures differ among cities and which factors result in those differences. Therefore this paper elucidates urban structure based on the employee density distribution from 1981 to 2001 and discusses the factors influencing urban structure diversification in Japanese cities. A grid-square statistic-based analytical method was employed to consider as many cities as possible. The advantage of this analytical method is that it identifies the processes of the expansion and shrinking of urban areas. In addition, this analytical method can target urban areas as a substantive region irrespective of municipal limits. The following four points summarize the results of this analysis.<br>First, the general tendency of the “hollowing out” of agglomeration districts (ADs) has been observed in most Japanese cities since the 1990s. In particular, in medium- or small-sized cities belonging to the lower-order class, the outflow of employees from ADs was observed to increase; this was because of the lack of office agglomeration. Second, the decentralization of the employee density distribution, which began in the 1980s, was a widespread phenomenon observed across all urban hierarchies. Third, the differences in urban structures were considered to be attributable to urban hierarchies. This depends on the industrial concentration in cities belonging to the higher-order class of urban hierarchy, without a counterurbanization era in Japan. Therefore, since the 1980s, the differences between cities belonging to the higher- and lower-order classes of urban hierarchy have been widening consistently. Fourth, the changes in urban structures differ according to whether the cities are located in the core or peripheral regions of the country. In cities belonging to the core regions, decentralization advances rapidly; in this case, the hollowing out of ADs by an outflow of central management functions to Tokyo and the growth of the suburban district (SD) due to factory locations based on the R & D style are the most marked factors. On the other hand, in cities belonging to the peripheral regions, the industrial outflow and inflow were small, and the urban structure remained stable as well.<br>In addition to these conclusions, evidence of recentralization was observed in a few old industrial cities in the countryside where the decrease in the number of employees and shrinking of urban areas preceded that in other cities. It is suggested that the downsizing in the number of employees and reduction of urban areas balance the urban structure at a certain stage and promote recentralization.<br>Based on the above results, it is clear that the formation of urban structures is affected by the urban hierarchy and location of cities in the core or periphery of the country.

収録刊行物

  • 地理学評論

    地理学評論 81 (4), 131-149, 2008

    公益社団法人 日本地理学会

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