Evaluation of liver and thyroid toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats after exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether BDE-209

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  • Lee Ena
    College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
  • Kim Tae Hyung
    College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
  • Choi Jae Seok
    College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
  • Nabanata Patra
    College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
  • Kim Na Young
    College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
  • Ahn Mee Young
    College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
  • Jung Ki Kyung
    National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration
  • Kang Il Hyun
    National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration
  • Kim Tae Sung
    National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration
  • Kwack Seung Jun
    National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration
  • Park Kui Lea
    National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration
  • Kim Seung Hee
    National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration
  • Kang Tae Seok
    National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration
  • Lee Jaewon
    College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
  • Lee Byung Mu
    Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University
  • Kim Hyung Sik
    College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University

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Our goal in the present study was to evaluate whether decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), which is the most abundant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) found in human samples, affects against target organs. Sprague-Dawley male rats were exposed to vehicle or BDE-209 (100, 300, or 600 mg/kg body weight, daily) from postnatal day (PND) 10 to PND 42. There was no significant difference in body and male reproductive organ weight changes compared with controls. However, liver, thyroid and adrenal gland weights were significantly increased in the high-dose of BDE-209 group. BDE-209 significantly induced the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2, CYP3A1, and CYP2B1) enzymes in the liver. Furthermore, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) expression levels were also increased in a dose-dependent manner. Total serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly increased with BDE-209 treatment. In the histological findings, multiple areas of degenerated follicular epithelium and slight attenuation of the follicular epithelium were observed in the thyroid glands by high doses (300 and 600 mg/kg) of BDE-209 treatment. The presence of hepatocytic fatty degeneration and inflammatory foci were also observed in the 300 and 600 mg/kg of BDE-209 group. These findings demonstrate that BDE-209 induces hyperthyroidism and hepatotoxicity. In the future, further research is needed to determine the relationship between target organ toxicity and blood concentrations of BDE-209.

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