Mutagenic potentials of Amberlite XAD-2-resin extracts obtained from river and drinking waters in the Northwest district of Chiba, Japan

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  • Kanno Ayako
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
  • Nishi Iwaki
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
  • Kishi Tomohiro
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
  • Kawakami Tsuyoshi
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences
  • Takahashi Yasuo
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
  • Onodera Sukeo
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science

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Amberlite XAD-2 resin extracts of river and drinking water sampled from the Northwest district of Chiba Prefecture in each month during the period from January to December 2008 were investigated to characterize and determine their mutagenic potentials and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels. The extracts from the river water were shown to be mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 (a flameshift mutagen) without S9 mix, with higher mutagenic responses in summer and early fall seasons. While the drinking water extracts exhibited weak mutagenicity in both the TA98 and TA100 strains (a base-pair substitution mutagen) without S9 mix, with high mutagenic responses in fall and early winter seasons. GC/MS determinations of the water concentrates showed some seasonal scatter in PAH levels in river water. In contrast, comparatively high concentrations of PAHs were observed for drinking water samples collected during warmer seasons. Statistical studies revealed that there is a lower correlation between the levels of flameshift mutagenicity and the concentrations of PAH in the river water concentrations, but a higher correlation between them in the drinking water samples.

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