An analysis of maternal self-efficacy and breastfeeding continuation

DOI 9 Citations 33 References
  • NAKADA Kaori
    Center for Professional Education, Kanagawa University of Human Services

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  • 母乳育児の継続に影響する要因と母親のセルフ・エフィカシーとの関連

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Abstract

Purpose<br>The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to breastfeeding continuation and to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and breastfeeding continuation.<br>Methods<br>The subjects were mothers whose children were 2-3 years of age. Data were derived from three questionnaires: an original Breastfeeding Continuation Questionnaire, Japanese Breastfeeding Personal Efficacy Beliefs Inventory and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The questionnaires were distributed to 1103 mothers; 424 were collected and 404 eligible questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analysis employed the use of SPSS 15.0J for Windows. Two-sided p values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.<br>Results<br>The mean breastfeeding duration was 1 year 4 months, the mode was 1 year and the maximum was 4 years 3 months. The breastfeeding continuance related to 6 hospital practices in the first week after delivery: (1) practice rooming-in within 24 hours (p=.000), (2) give newborn infants exclusively breast milk (p=.000), (3) provide midwifery assurance for the mother that her milk will flow (p=.000), (4) practice breastfeeding during the nighttime on the day of birth (p=.002), (5) practice skin-to-skin contact for at least 20 minutes (p=.006) and (6) help mothers initiate breastfeeding within one half-hour after birth (p=.009). Of the factors after discharge, two were associated with the continuation of breastfeeding: the mothers felt they had sufficient breast milk (p=.000) and the midwives had helped her with breastfeeding (p=.000). In addition, the midwifery care for mothers who perceived milk insufficiency and were assured that their breast milk would flow adequately resulted in promotion of breastfeeding continuation. Breastfeeding duration was positively correlated with high self-efficacy on breastfeeding (r=.392, p<.01). Related factors were: mastery experience, verbal encouragement and physiological states.<br>Conclusion<br>Important factors determining the continuation of breastfeeding were the six hospital practices employed on behalf of the mother and newborn immediately after birth and during the first week of hospitalization. Of particular concern is that midwives need to identify and assist those mothers who feel they lack sufficient breast milk and then provide extra assurance that their breast milk will flow. There was a positive relationship between breastfeeding continuation and self-efficacy.

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