Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with a Reduction of Interferon-β Efficacy during the Treatment of Japanese Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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  • Sato Douglas Kazutoshi
    Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • Nakashima Ichiro
    Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • Fukazawa Toshiyuki
    Sapporo Neurology Clinic
  • Shimizu Yuko
    Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine
  • Tomizawa Yuji
    Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
  • Yokoyama Kazumasa
    Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
  • Misu Tatsuro
    Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • Creeke Paul I.
    Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry
  • Farrell Rachel
    University College London, Institute of Neurology
  • Giovannoni Gavin
    Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry
  • Itoyama Yasuto
    National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
  • Fujihara Kazuo
    Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • Aoki Masashi
    Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Interferon-β (IFN-β) has been used as the first line therapy for MS treatment in Japan, but patients treated with IFN-β may develop antibodies, known as neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), which abrogate its therapeutic effects. Intramuscular IFN-β 1a and subcutaneous IFN-β 1b are currently available in Japan, but large-scale studies evaluating the prevalence and clinical implications of NAbs against these IFN-β preparations in MS patients have only been performed in Caucasian populations. NAbs positivity has been reported to be associated with HLA-DRB1 alleles, suggesting that the positivity might differ among populations with distinct genetic backgrounds. Clinical information and sera were collected from 229 consecutive MS patients treated with IFN-β in 4 centers in Japan. Sera were tested for NAbs using a luciferase reporter gene assay. In total, 5.2% of IFN-β-1a-treated patients (4/77) and 30.3% of IFN-β-1b-treated patients (46/152) were positive for Nabs. The frequency of NAbs was highest in patients treated for 13 to 24 months. Clinical relapse and contrast-enhancing lesions in the magnetic resonance imaging increased together with NAbs titers in this group. In conclusion, the prevalence of NAbs in Japanese MS patients is similar to that in Caucasian populations and is associated with an increase in disease activity. Therefore, routine NAbs testing is recommended also in Asian populations to ensure the early identification of patients who would benefit from a change in therapy.

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