A case study of generating a digital elevation model for the Soya Coast area, Antarctica, using JERS-1 SAR interferometry

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The three-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry method has been applied to three time-serial scenes (two SAR pairs) over the Soya Coast area, Antarctica, observed by the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite 1 (JERS-1). For simplicity, we assumed that the ice flow during 88 days (2 repeat periods of JERS-1) was constant. Interferometric fringes associated with ice flow/deformation were removed using the two SAR pairs to leave the topographic fringes. The resultant topographic fringes were converted to the relative surface elevations above sea level. There are 23 suitable ground control points (GCPs) in the region concerned, covering the height range from 0 to 600 m. A digital elevation model (DEM) was created in order that the model heights fit the GCP heights in a least squares sense. The obtained DEM grids with a spatial resolution of 50 m by 50 m have a root-mean-square (rms) error of 15.3 m. As for the GTOPO30 model grids with a 30 arc-second resolution in the same region, similar comparison of the model heights with the GCP heights resulted in a bias of -66.2 m and rms error of 131.7 m, which is worse than the SAR derived DEM by one order of magnitude. It is also noted that 12 GCPs on the islands and coastal outcropped areas are incorrectly located outside of the land area when mapped in the GTOPO30 contours. In spite of several remaining problems to be solved, SAR interferometry can effectively be applied to generate DEMs on the vast inaccessible ice sheet of Antarctica.

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  • Polar geoscience

    Polar geoscience 12 227-239, 1999-10

    National Institute of Polar Research

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