Surgical sperm retrieval for male infertility due to spinal cord injury

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Surgical sperm retrieval, including microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) employing a micropuncture technique and testicular sperm extraction (TESE), was performed in men suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibiting failed electroejaculation. The outcome of surgical sperm retrieval and intracytoplasraic sperm injection (ICSI) was documented. From July 1997 to December 2001, 158 azoospermic men underwent surgical sperm retrieval. Four individuals (2%) presented with SCI. The duration of SCl ranged from 3 to 22 years. The location of SCl included the lumbar (two patients), cervical (one) and thoracic (one) regions. Patients ranged in age from 21 to 44 years. Initially, MESA was conducted. In cases where no spermatozoa were obtained by MESA, TESE was performed. Spermatozoa were retrieved in three (75%) individuals (via MESA in one and via TESE in two). Three cycles of ICSl were completed for the spouses of two patients ; however, clinical pregnancy was not achieved. No relationship was detected among successful surgical sperm retrieval, SCI duration and location, and bladder management.

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