<原著>容積脈波による音楽への感情移入に関する研究 : α効果の再検討

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タイトル別名
  • A STUDY OF EMPATHY (EINFUHLUNG) TO MUSIC ON PLETHYSMOGRAPH : An Examination of the α-effext
  • 容積脈波による音楽への感情移入に関する研究--α効果の再検討
  • ヨウセキ ミャクハ ニヨル オンガク エ ノ カンジョウ イニュウ ニカンスル

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The purpose of this investigation is to examine the relationship between empathy to music and the occurrence of α-effect. This effect is identified by the author as a phenomenon in which the amplitude of plethysmograph increases successively during or after musical stimuli are presented to the listener. In Experiment, I, subjects rated their preferences to pieces of classical music before and after the experiment in which subject's responses to them were measured using plethysmograph. Two hypotheses were tested. Hypothesis I : The α-effect will occure only to H-music (High Preference Music) if high preference attached to it remains unchanged or is not altered relative to the L-music (Low Preference Music) after listening to them. Hypothesis II : Subjects who reported to have strong empathy to music will show more frequency of the α-effect occurrences than those who reported weak empathy. Seven subjects were chosen based on Music Preference Questionnaire from 150 university students and asked to listen to two pieces of music with differencial preferences. The amplitude of plethysmograph and heart rate were measured during three different periods : 'Before', 'During', and 'After music' period. Examination of plethysmograph's data indicated that the α-effect as specified in Hypothesis I is clearly associated with H-music for six subjects. However, results were mixed for Hypothesis II. In Experiment, II, different 7 subjects were selected and asked to listen to the music to which each subject reported to have an experience of being moved by it. This ensured that sufficient empathy was exercised by each subject. Examination of plethysmograph data indicated that subjects' exposure to their favorite music is mostly associated with high incidence of the α-effect. Also, it was found that the more subjects exercise their empathy in listening to the music, the more the α-effect occures. Some typical cases of empathic listening were characterized by the frequent occurrences of peak α-effect and the sharp decreases of amplitude in plethysmograph between the two peaks. In Experiment III, subjects were asked to listen to their most favorite music and to push the button when they come up with the part which they especially like. The aim of this experiment is to examine the relationship between the distinctively pleasant emotional experience and the occurrence of the α-effect. The results indicated no direct relationship between pushing of the buttons and the occurrence of α-effects. However, examination of subjects' reports on their emotional experiences suggested that there might be an optimum activation level which is caused perhaps by the change in the physiological state in terms of tension-relax relations.

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