高麗時代の銓選と告身

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タイトル別名
  • Personnel Administration 銓選 and Letters of Appointment 告身 in the Koryŏ Dynasty
  • コウライ ジダイ ノ センセン ト コクシン

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In the Koryo period, the appointment and dismissal of civil and military officials was conducted under the supreme authority of the King 國王. But, as the enormous amount of personnel administration could not be managed by the King himself, in reality, the selection of officials was entrusted to bureaucrats and the King simply approved the appointments and dismissals of officers on the basis of these selections. The bureaucratic procedures of the selection process within the personnel system included varied forms of the letters of appointment and dismissal, each reflecting the rank of the official. In this paper I analyze the changes in the form of these letters used in the personnel system, and through those changes I examine the development of the monarchy from the Koryo to the early-Choson period. In the early Koryo period, civil and military officials of the Upper-third rank 正三品 or above were appointed and dismissed with a letter of royal order 勅授告身, or 制授告身, and officials of the Consultants-in-ordinary 常參官 status were appointed with a letter of the State Council 中書門下. In both cases, personnel selection was made by a Grand-Councilor 宰相 in the State Council, and personnel selections were then approved by the King. On the other hand, the military and civilian officials below Consultants-in-ordinary status were appointed by a directive of the Office of Personnel 尚書吏部. The documents concerning the personnel selected by Office of Personnel, or the Office of Military Personnel 尚書兵部 were offered to the King for his approval after having been inspected by a Grand Councilor in the State Council or Bureau of Military Affairs 樞密院. However, the authority of the State Council concerning the personnel affairs was greatly reduced in the late-Koryo period. The King or powerful subjects and favorite ministers who had usurped his authority came to manage personnel affairs exclusively from the confines of the Chamber of Personnel 政房 within the palace. The revival of these practices, which clearly violated dynastic custom, after repeated attempts to abolish them clearly indicates just how well the activities of the Chamber of Personnel suited the despotic atmosphere of the late-Koryo period. The Chamber of Personnel was finally abolished in the early-Choson period, but the authority of the Grand-Councilors in the State Council regarding personnel administration was not restored to its previous status. Thereafter, the selection of personnel conducted by the Personnel Section 吏兵曹 was increasingly under direct control of the King himself. I have attempted to analyze the above-mentioned changes in personnel institutions through an analysis of the form of appointment letters.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋史研究

    東洋史研究 59 (2), 229-258, 2000-09-30

    東洋史研究會

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