古人類・考古資料の年代学的諸問題に関する骨の加速器<14>^C年代測定(I)

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  • Radiocarbon Dating by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry of Bone Remains of Palaeoanthropological and Archaeological Significances

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Bone is widely found in palaeoanthropological and archaeological sites, and is the material of a diversity of approaches to reconstructing the past. Direct dating of bone is particularly important where the stratigraphical or archaeological contexts involved may be less accurate and/or the age assessment based on artifacts is imprecise. Conventional (β-decay-counting) radio-carbon dating of bone is frequently not accepted because it sacrifices large quantities of samples usually amounting to 100-500g. On the contrary, recent development of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) of ^<14> has revolutionized the feasibility of radiocarbon dating in that it decreases measurement times, lowers a sample size requirements and extends age measurements to 〜60,000yrB.P. The AMS method needs only less than 5g of bone, and has enabled the analysis of specimens too small or too rare for conventional ^<14> dating. This has allowed us to directly date valuable palaeoanthropological or archaeological bone remains, especially surrounded with controversy in terms of their chronology without any reliable arguments. The present report gives a brief note on the results obtained by using AMS radiocarbon dating from three chronological subjects : (1) a human skeleton of good preservation found in a flexed supine position from the Meotoiwa Rock-shelter site in Ogose-cho, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, (2) horse remains recovered from prehistoric Holocene shellmounds in Japan of the Jomon period, which are placed in a suspense account since doubts have been increased as to whether they really did originate in Jomon deposits (later intrusions?), (3) human and dog remains unearthed from TePuka and Pukapuka atolls in the Cook Islands. Scarcity of some prehistoric specimens often demands further saving of the sample to be analysed, and then requires increasing indigenous collagen yield with removing contaminants from bone. Here also outlined is a procedure for isolating acid-insoluble collagen fraction from bone, acknowledging the above requirements.

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