A Developmental Study of the Relationship Between ERP P3a Latencies and Eyelid Reflexes Elicited by Startle Acoustic Stimuli in Normal Children

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  • 健常児における大脳事象関連電位P3a潜時と眼瞼反射に関する発達的研究

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A late positive component (P3) in event-related potentials (ERPs) is elicited by attended or task-relevant stimuli with the peak latency of about 300 msec at the parietal and vertex scalp electrode locations. The P3 latency in response to an infrequent target tone occurring in a sequence of standard tones decreases progressively as a function of age, whereas the older subjects have a remarkably a longer P3 latency than do the younger adolescents. These latency changes of P3 may parallel the development of information processing speed and memory span with reagard to reaction times (RTs). However, the P3 is generated in a number of mammalian species when attention is elicited from significant environmental events. Startle or unexpected information should evoke large amplitudes in several ERP components in contrast to amplitudes evoked by expected, highly probable background stimuli. The P3 is mainly composed of two (or more) different components, that is, the P3a and P3b. The majority of developmental research on ERPs has focused on the changes of the P3b component with respect to aging, not on the P3a at Cz, The P3a has a central scalp distribution under an unpredicted, unassigned task or ignored condition, while the P3b has a parietal location under an attended, assigned condition. This research investigated the developmental changes of the P3a component, which might overlap with the latency of P3b, to unattended, startle acoustic stimuli in normal children (of ages 3-8 years) as compared to young adults. The result showed that the P3a latencies decreased progressively as a function of age, as well as the eyelid reflex latencies, but the P3a amplitudes changed as an inverse U-shape function of age.

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