イギリス経済史の再構築に向けて (経済史と現代)

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タイトル別名
  • A Reconsideration of British Economic Histry since the Industrial Revolution
  • イギリス経済史の再構築に向けて
  • イギリス ケイザイシ ノ サイ コウチク ニ ムケテ

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This paper aims to consider new trends in British economic history from the Industrial Revolution to the time of Imperialism. Britain's image in Japan has changed drastically since the Second World War. At first the British economy and society was thougt of as a model of modern capitalism that post-war Japan should strive to imitate, but especially after the oil shock in 1973, the stark contfasts between a rising and declining economy were made and the British economy seemed as 'British Disease', which early started countries were destined to be infected with. In the meantime, lots of studies have upset traditional explanations, for instance, of the Industrial Revolution and the Imperialism. New ideas on the British Industrial Revolution are stressing the comparatively slow growth of economy at that time. N. F. R. Crafts is a representative of the new school with using various statistical methods. His finding is highly appreciated in the writing of this paper with the analysis of the size of factories and the number of their employees, and the number of steam powers equipped by the factories. As for British imperialism, the questions whether the imperialism was harmful or beneficial to the British are hotly discussed recently and I tend to agree with those who argue that the British could not obtain benefits, as a whole, from the rule over India and other dominions. In fact individuals might get profits from the investment and business with colonies, but as a nation, Britain might suffer the loss from its controlling the colonies. In the end, these problems must be discussed within the broader context of the British society. The ideas of'Gentlemanly Capitalism' presented by Cain and Hopkins emphasizes that the landed and financial interests were a crucial background of Imperialism. I tend to share this view.

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