火山放出物未熟土壌に立地する落葉広葉樹林生態系における酸性降下物の影響と塩基の循環

DOI 日本農学文献記事索引 Web Site 被引用文献2件 参考文献24件

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  • The Influence of Acidic Deposition on the Forest Ecosystem and Base Cation Cycling in the Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest of an Andic Regosol
  • カザン ホウシュツブツ ミジュク ドジョウ ニ リッチ スル ラクヨウ コウヨウジュリン セイタイケイ ニ オケル サンセイ コウカブツ ノ エイキョウ ト エンキ ノ ジュンカン

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We investigated the influence of acidic deposition on the forest ecosystem, and base cation cycling related to exchangeable reaction with acid and soil development in a deciduous broad leaved forest of an Andic Regosol in Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan. The investigation period was one year from August 1996 to July 1997. The mean pH value of precipitation was 4.13, and it was acid rain. As the water moved through the forest ecosystem, its pH increased. The mean pH value of the streamwater was 7.04. In the summer season, throughfall pH increased with increase of K^+ concentration, while in the winter season, throughfall pH became acidic and similar to the precipitation pH. However, the pH of water percolating through the O horizon was maintained at around 6 all year round. This result showed that the O horizon has sufficient acid neutralization capacity. The concentration of Na^+, Ca^<2+> and HCO_3^- in the streamwater was much higher than that in the C horizon. The HCO_3^-, produced in the deeper horizon, was considered to have a great influence on soil development and streamwater quality. Base cation cycling in the forest ecosystem clearly showed that biogeochemical cycling, which consists of plant uptake, litterfall, throughfall and stemflow flux, was larger than geochemical cycling, which consists of atmospheric deposition and discharge from the rooting zone. In biogeochemical cycling, the acid supplied to the forest ecosystem from the atmosphere was fully neutralized at the canopy by K^+ dissolution and in the O horizon. Proton load in the atmospheric deposition was 0.56 kmol_c ha^<-1> y^<-1>, but only 0.17 kmol_c ha^<-1> y^<-1> was transported into the soil after passing through the canopy, and only a very light proton load of 0.011 kmol_c ha^<-1> y^<-1> occurred from the rooting zone. Proton load from the rooting zone decreased to below 1/70 compared to that in atmospheric deposition. The acid neutralization in the forest ecosystem was formed by base cation leaching from plants and base cation exchange in the soil, and it should be strongly suggested that the acid neutralizing mechanism has an influence on soil-plant interaction.

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