中国における教育の発展-人民公社と初等教育-  [in Japanese] The Development of Education in Developing Country : The People's Commune and Primary Education  [in Japanese]

This paper explores the mechanism of expanding primary education in rural China around 1960. In the 1960s, education experienced a boom in the world and the movement of popularizing primary education in the developing countries ran high. In the early 1960s, in response to the call of UNESCO, the Karachi Project and other education projects in relation to developing countries were drawn up. However, between 1960 and 1975, in fact the percentage of primary school attendance was only raised to 15%, so the goal of the projects was not achieved. On the other hand, with regard to primary education in China, the percentage of school attendance was raised from 20% in 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded, to 80.3% in 1958. In order to explain this rapid development by focusing on one rural area in about 1960, and by considering the people's commune, an institute in rural society, this paper analyses the mechanism of expanding primary education and the features of education in rural areas. Firstly, by considering the social structure, and the interaction between those providing education and those receiving education, this paper explores the problems about the expanding primary education in the 1950s. Secondly, by explaining the features of the people's commune, the environment in which the interaction was developed, this paper presents some detailed cases to show how the problems of primary education were solved inside the people's commune. Finally, this paper considers the mechanism of expanding primary education.