近代日本の「青少年」観に関する一考察-「学校生徒」の喫煙問題の生成・展開過程を中心に-  [in Japanese] A Study on Views of Adolescence in Modern Japan : Using as an Example the Problem of Smoking by Schoolboys  [in Japanese]

This paper presents the social and structural meanings of views of adolescence in Modern Japan through examining the making process of the problem of adolescent smoking in the Middle Meiji Era as an example for the aspect of adolescent deviance. It has been made clear that a kind of concept of adolescence came into existence in the middle and later periods of the Meiji Era, especially at the end of the Meiji 30's after the Nichiro War. This paper examines not only whether the finding was true for the example of the adolescent smoking problem, but also the next two points that previous studies have not fully discussed : (1) the relationship between the concept of schoolboy in the Middle Meiji Era and that of adolescence in later eras; (2) the relationship between the concept and traditional norms about adulthood. Attention has been given to adolescent deviance, especially smoking behaviours, because it represents a form of differentiation between adulthood and non-adulthood. The paper first examined previous studies, and second analyzed the process of the development of the adolescent smoking problem. Along with modernization and various changes over youth (establishment of schooling in particular), traditional norms of adulthood changed into new forms that marked schoolboyhood as non-adult. This finding suggests that the institutionalization of schooling rather than its establishment itself had an important meaning for the making of adolescence in Modern Japan like American and European patterns. Further studies will be needed on the institutionalizing process of schooling and its impact on youth from a comparative point of view.