青年期の男性性形成に関する一考察-アイデンティティ危機を体験した大学生の事例から-  [in Japanese] A Study on the Formation of Masculinity during Adolescence : Through the Cases of University Students Who Have Experienced an "Identity Crisis"  [in Japanese]

The aim of this paper is to examine the process of formation of masculinity in terms of the Identity Approach. Is masculinity homogeneous? Former studies about "Gender and Education" were apt to pay such excessive attention to inter-gender differences that they could not adequately handle identity formation in a multiple society that possesses many values regarding gender. In addition, they were apt to pay too much attention to "women" that were regarded as "dominated" in terms of feminism and too little attention to "men", especially in such private areas as housework, child rearing and sexuality. In this study, "gender formation" is regarded as a variation of the identity formation process in a society that possesses many values concerning gender, and the formation of masculinity is examined through the cases of the life histories of adolescent men who have experienced an "Identity Crisis". Firstly with regard to "socialization systems" which are engaged in gender formation, the following points are clarified : (1) "Family of orientation" exerts essential but not absolute influences on the formation of masculinity. (2) Men have used mass media independently to form their masculinity and recognize its function in communicating the relativity of gender today. (3) Independently deciding on which peer group, as well as how deeply to commit contributes to the formation of masculinity. (4) Romantic love has an important influence on the formation of masculinity. Secondly, regarding the significance of gender on the identity formation process of men, the following points are clarified : (1) Men also experience conflicts between their "personal identity" and "gender identity" and make selections subjectively on "what kind of man to become". (2) "Men" are not homogeneous but heterogeneous, especially in their private lives. (3) There is a mutual relation between "Intra-gender differentiation" and "inter-gender differentiation".