ヘゲモニー装置としての唱歌科の成立過程-教案に示された授業実践の変遷を手がかりに-  [in Japanese] The Process of the Formation of "Singing" as a Hegemonic Apparatus: The Transition of Teaching Practices Shown in Teaching Plans  [in Japanese]

Most modern nation-states have used music as a means of promoting an ideology through such national institutions as the educational system, the military and various ceremonies. Therefore, one can observe the function of music in national integration. However, studies on music's more positive functions in society are rare. In this paper I aim to examine the process whereby "singing" became part of the hegemonic apparatus in primary school education from the Meiji period (1868 to 1912) to the Taisho period (1912 to 1926). Through this study I hope to confirm the role and function that school education fulfills in national integration of the modern nation-state. In order to examine this process, I focused on the transition in teaching practices and methods, using teaching plans taken from teaching manuals of that era. The transition was as follows : In the first half of the Meiji period, the core of teaching practices was catechetical to infuse pupils with the official ideology. In the second half of the Meiji period, the core was indoctrinating pupils with it through singing in unison by the whole class. In the Taisho period, the core was teaching pupils singing itself through singing in unison by the whole class. The aim shifted to instructing to sing. It functioned as a meta-ideology whereby the notion of "Nippon" was internalized within people who discussed "singing". That means that "singing" got the role of the hegemonic apparatus.