世紀転換期フランスにおける外国人留学生の動向  [in Japanese] Foreign Students in France at the Turn of the Century  [in Japanese]

The objective of this paper is to carry out a quantitative analysis on the number of foreign students in France at the turn of the 19th century. The context of our study is the Higher Educational Reform under the French Third Republic on the one hand, and the international academic position of France on the other. For this purpose, we analyse the data from 1894 to 1913, published in the Annuaire statistique de la France. From our analysis, we obtain the following results : The total number of foreign students in France increased from 1680 to 5560 during this period (1894-1913), in other words tripled. According to this increase, the percentage of foreign students of the total number of students in France increased from 6.8% to 13.5% during the same period. Initially, more than 60% of the foreign students were at the faculties of Medicine. However, around 1900, the faculties of Science and of Arts began to attract more foreign students. The country with most foreign students in France was Russia, followed by countries such as Roumania, Bulgaria (Eastern Europe), Turkey, Egypt (Middle East), Germany, Greece and England. The number of American students, who were more numerous in Germany than in France, is one of the signs of the international position of these two contries (France and Germany). It is noteworthy that there were permanently a certain number of German students in France, which suggests the importance of the Franco-German relationship. The concentration of foreign students in Paris (more than 60% of the total of foreign students in France) is significant in comparison with that of French students (around 40% of the total of French students). This characterizes the French higher education in relation to that of Germany, where there is not just one center, like Paris, but several important centers.