不登校現象からみる学校教育の変容-登校自明性の低下とパノプティコンの拡大-  [in Japanese] School Non-Attendance: The Decline of School Function and Expansionof the Panopticon  [in Japanese]

In this paper, school non-attendance is studied not in order to set children as objects of medical treatment, nor to make them into objects of teacher counseling (student guidance). Rather, the writer has examined the characteristics of places where school non-attendance occurs, and the mechanisms of power used to intervene in them. The author begins with a historical review of the relationship between school and deviancy, as well as studies of school non-attendance in Japan. From this review, it is found that school non-attendance cannot be grasped by examining only the students' disorders, but that one must also consider the validity and the legitimacy of the act of school attendance. Second, the characteristics of places where school non-attendance occurs are considered. The author clarifies the limits of the school brought about by the decline of its function as a socialization space, especially as a space for career formation, and also by prosperity of learning opportunities outside school and the educational thought of diversification. The author examines how these processes have contributed to the end of seeing the act of going to school as self-evident, and of schooling no longer being taken for granted. Also the process through which school non-attendance came to appear as a category of adaptation is clarified. Finally, the author discusses how school non-attendance, which has become one of the adaptation categories, is grasped by authorities, and how the Panopticon is becoming deschooled and advancing into society in general. The writer concludes the school non-attendance has become one choice of adaptation, and it is clear that authorities are attempting to grasp rather than to eliminate it.