陸上生態系における蘚苔類の役割 : 森林と火山荒原を中心に

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  • The role of bryophytes in terrestrial ecosystems with special reference to forests and volcanic deserts.
  • リクジョウ セイタイケイ ニ オケル センタイルイ ノ ヤクワリ シンリン ト

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Over the last two decades, a number of studies have provided evidence that bryophytes play an important role in the function of many terrestrial ecosystems. This is largely due to the ecophysiological attributes of bryophytes, which are different from those of many vascular plants, i.e. 1) poikilohydric water relation and 2) direct uptake of water and nutrients from the shoot surface. These attributes allow the plants to grow in habitats where most vascular plants cannot colonize, depending on transient water and nutrient supply. These habitats include exposed rock surfaces, tree trunks and cold deserts. On the other hand, bryophytes are generally small and susceptible to soil mobility. In boreal forests and humid mossy forests, bryophytes not only contribute the primary production but also play a major role in nutrient cycling. This is largely due to their effective nutrient uptake and slow nutrient release. Because of their large waterholding capacity, bryophytes may also affect the water balance in some forests. Furthermore, they affect the colonization of tree seedlings. Bryophytes are important first colonizers of volcanic lava fields, whereas they are usually scarce in mobile ash and scoria fields. Pioneer bryophytes have several adaptations for colonizing dry, nutrient-poor habitats. Their contribution to humus formation and nutrient accumulation seems to be significant. However, there is little direct evidence that bryophytes promote the colonization of vascular plants in volcanic deserts. The role of bryophytes in ecological succession is still only scarcely defined.

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