差異化・配分装置としての育児雑誌 : バーンスティンの<教育>言説論に依拠して  [in Japanese] Parenting Magazines as Devices for Differentiation and Distribution : Based on the Bernstein's Theory on the Structuring of Pedagogic Discourse  [in Japanese]

The aim of this paper is to show that commercial parenting magazines in contemporary Japanese society posses the potential for creating differentiation among the agents of parenting and the distribution of discourses on parenting, based on the theory on the structuring of pedagogic discourse elaborated by Basil Bernstein. The objects for analysis in this paper are articles in major commercial magazines on parenting. In the 1970s, two major magazines, Baby-Age and Watashi no Akachan appeared, mainly based on academic discourse. The two major magazines gained their readership from a specific stratum that identified themselves with the discourses representing modernised parenting agents and practices. They greatly increased their circulation into the 1990s. However, after the 1990s, under the influence of a new type of magazines, the two magazines that had held a major status in the market lost ground to a new type of magazine represented by Hiyoko Club. The articles in the new type of magazine used the discourses of parenting agents in everyday life. Why did this transformation of discourses in parenting magazines occur? One of the factors behind the change was the rapid expansion of women going on to higher education since the 1960s. With the increase of access to academic discourses among women, in Bernstein's words, the pedagogic device was transformed. Through the change in power relationships between social groups, the boundary between sacred knowledge and profane (distributive rules) shifted, and the parenting magazine as fields of pedagogic recontextualizing gained room for relocating the local voices of parenting agents (recontextualizing rules). Hence, we find parenting practices based on horizontal social relationships and discourses that emphasize sympathy among parenting agents (evaluative rules). Parenting magazines after the 1990s turned into new devices for differentiation among parenting agents and the distribution of discourses. Parenting magazines as new devices had some potential : Firstly, by creating the horizontal and synchronic social relationships between parenting agents. Secondly, through the regulation of access from parenting agents who had an orientation toward meanings which can be constructed with elaborated codes.