生殖内分泌学におけるパラダイム・シフト

NDLデジタルコレクション NDLデジタルコレクション 参考文献37件

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  • Paradigm Shift in Reproductive Endocrinology

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Prior to the development of radioimmunoassay for hormones, relatively insensitive methods of measurement coupled with low concentrations of these substances in blood and urine of normal men and women made large quantities of plasma or urine requisite for accurate measurement. Radioimmunoassay is very sensitive, specific and accurate technique and has made it possible to measure low concentrations of hormones accurately. The fundamentals of reproductive endocrinology has been established by radioiunmunoassay technique. The growth factors and cytokines are hormone-like peptides that function as intracellular signals. Growth factors and cytokines are distinct from endocrine hormones because they are produced by a number of cells rather than by a specialized gland, and they generally act in a paracrine and autocrine rather than in an endocrine manner. Thus, an abstract notion of 'hormone' has changed and 'hormone' is defined as regulatory messenger molecule including growth factors and cytokines. To date, 'eutdocrinology' includes paracrinology and autocrinology. In reproductive endocrinology, the main impact of molecular biology has been the development and the use of gene probes to study reproductive physiology and pathology. The continued development of micro-chemical techniques to analyze and sequence the human genome will ultimately result in automated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) diagnosis. Unique sequence DNA probes and probes for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) are being generated at an exponential rate. At the same time molecular mutants related to reproductive biology and relevant to clinical medicine are being identified. At the current pace, one can suspect that all monogenic disorders related to reproductive endocrinology will have molecular determinants in the next decade.

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