認識的モダリティとしての〈疑い〉--「ダロウカ」と「ノデハナイカ」  [in Japanese] `Dubitative' Expressions in the System of Epistemic Modality : Darooka and Nodewanaika  [in Japanese]

「ダロウカ」や「ノデハナイカ」は,聞き手不在発話としても使用可能な疑問形式であり,聞き手に情報を要求すると言うよりも,話し手自身の〈疑い〉を表すことに本質があると考えられる。本稿では,この二形式を〈疑い〉の形式と呼び,これらが認識的モダリティの体系のなかにどのように位置づけられるかについて考察し,次のような結論を得た。〈疑い〉の形式は,命題成立の〈可能性〉が認識されている点で「カモシレナイ」と類似するが,「カモシレナイ」が〈可能性〉そのものを差し出すのに対して,〈疑い〉の形式は,選択候補としての〈可能性〉(「ダロウカ」),選択された〈可能性〉(「ノデハナイカ」)を取り上げる。また,〈疑い〉の形式に「ダロウ」を加えた三形式の関係について検討すると,「ノデハナイカ」は,「ダロウカ」と「ダロウ」の中間的な性質をもつことが明らかになる。かくして,〈疑い〉の形式は,判断の形成段階という観点から,「カモシレナイ」と「ダロウ」の間に位置づけられる。

Japanese sentence-final forms darooka `I wonder if ?' and nodewanaika `isn't it the case that ?' are distinguished from typical questioning forms in that they can be used for expressing the speaker's dubitative attitude to the proposition in the context of monologue. In this paper, I regard the basic meaning of these forms as a sort of uncertainty, and examine their position in the system of epistemic modality of Japanese. Darooka and nodewanaika are similar to kamoshirenai `it is possible that' in that they imply that the speaker supposes a variety of possible situations and can be used with the modal adverb indicating possibility such as moshikasuruto. Darooka and nodewanaika, however, are different from kamoshirenai in that they express that the speaker is considering which of supposed situations should be selected in the process of judgment. When the speaker uses darooka, s/he has not yet selected any possible situation, on the other hand, when the speaker uses nodewanaika, s/he has already selected the most likely situation. The difference between the two forms is reflected in the following facts : ( 1 ) Darooka can be used in alternative questions or wh-questions, and nodewanaika cannot. ( 2 ) Nodewanaika can be used for seeking confirmation, and darooka cannot. ( 3 ) Nodewanaika can be used with the modal adverb indicating a degree of certainty such as tabun, and darooka cannot. These facts also show that nodewanaika has semantic similarities to daroo `I guess that'.