富山県笹川方言における形容動詞述語形式 : 名詞述語と異なる「〜ナ」「〜ナカッタ」等を中心に  [in Japanese] Two types of Adjectival Noun Predicates in the Sasagawa Dialect : A Comparison with Noun Predicates  [in Japanese]

富山県笹川方言における形容動詞述語形式には,名詞述語と同形の「〜ジャ/ジャッタ/ジャロー」等とともに,名詞述語とは異なる「〜ナ/ナカッタ/ナカロー」等がある。「〜ナ」は連体用法のほかに終止用法も持ち,また「カ」(疑問の「か」)や「ミタイナ」(みたいだ)が後続する場合にも使われるが,「〜ジャ」は終止用法しか持たない。また,終止用法では,「〜ナ」は詠嘆文で,「〜ジャ」は真偽判断文で用いられやすいという違いがある。そこで,「〜ナ」は,形容詞の「〜イ」形と同じように,テンス・モダリティに関して無標の形式であり,「〜ジャ」は〈断定〉を表す有標の形式であると考えられる。「〜ナカッタ/ナカロー」などの形式は「〜ナ+付属的用言カッタ/カロー/…」,名詞述語と同形の形式は「語幹形+付属的用言ジャ/ジャッタ/…」と分析できる。以上から,この方言の形容動詞は,名詞とは異なる述語形式もとるものの,類型論的には名詞的性格が強いと言える。

The Sasagawa dialect, spoken in Asahi town, Toyama prefecture, has two types of forms of adjectival noun predicates (keiyo-doshi) , ja-types and na-types. The inflectional pattern of the ja-type is basically identical to that of noun predicates, while the na-type takes adjective-like inflectional endings. Ja-type na-type shizuka - ja shizuka - na `is quiet' shizuka - jatta shizuka- na - katta `was quiet' shizuka- jaro shizuka- na - karo `supposed to be quiet' The na-form, e.g., shizuka-na, can be used in the predicative and adnominal position, while the ja-form, e.g., shizuka-ja, can be used only in predicative position, and cannot be accompanied by modal forms such as the interrogative particle ka or the non-assertive form mitaina `it seems that'. In the predicative position, the speaker prefers to use the na-form in exclamatory sentences, i.e., sentences that express his/her perception or emotion directly, and the ja-form in sentences that declare his/her judgment of truth. From these points it is concluded that the ja-form represents the modal meaning of `assertive' and the na-form itself does not represent any subjective meaning. The forms of the ja-type consist of the stem form, e.g., shizuka, and the copulative verb ja. Similarly, the other forms of the na-type, e.g., shizuka-na-katta, shizuka-na-karo, consist of the na-form and the copulative verb /kar/. Adjectival noun predicates of na-type as well as those of ja-type can be regarded as the combination of a noun-like element and a copulative verb for inflection.