イネ褐色葉枯病菌の形態と菌糸の生育温度

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タイトル別名
  • Morphology and Hyphal Growth Temperature of Brown Leaf Spot Fungus of Rice (Rice Scald Fungus)
  • イネ カッショク ハガレ ビョウキン ノ ケイタイ ト キンシ ノ セイイク オンド

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The present paper reports the types of conidial development, production of chlamydospore-like structures, structure of perithecia and relation between temperature and hyphal growth for identification of brown leaf spot fungus in rice.<br>On potato-sucrose agar, the optimum temperature range for the hyphal growth is 24-27C and the maximum is approximately 34C. The hyphal cells and conidia are uninucleate. Conidia develop on a small projection from the hyphae, on the flask shaped conidiophore, on the specialized terminal cells of the branched conidiophore or directly on conidia by repetition. The conidia develop one by one and are grouped in a head, not in a chain, and are of the phialospore type. Globose, smooth walled chlamydospore-like structures develop terminally on short lateral branches or intercalary in the hyphae. This conidial production, the cultural and morphological characteristics indicate that this fungus should belong to the genus Fusarium.<br>The perithecium is embeded in the host tissue, typically below the stoma, with papillate opening protruding from the leaf surface through the stoma, nearly spherical, brown to dark brown at maturity, 51.6-180.6μm×51.6-147.1μm in diam. This perithecium contains many club-like or cylindrical, curved or straight asci embeded in paraphysoids. The mature ascus has a short stalk at the base and is 50-75μm in length, 10-12.5μm in width at the middle portion. The ascus wall is slightly thicker at the upper and the apex is frequently indented on its inner wall surface. On the other hand, a thin walled ascus adjacent to eight ascospores closely is frequently observed. Also, ascus with double walls regarded as outer and inner wall is sometimes observed. The ascus is considered to be bitunicate from these observations.<br>Conidial stage of this fungus resembles that of Fusarium nivale. However, the morphology of the perfect stage and hyphal growth temperature of this fungus are different from those of Fusarium nivale. Furthermore, production of chlamydospore has not been reported in Fusarium nivale. Therefore, identification of this fungus is the subject to be solved for the future.

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