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  • NISIKIE-SINBUN as visual news medium
  • ニュース メディア トシテノ ニシキエ シンブン

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Nisikie-Sinbun, a kind of leaflet combining traditional Ukiyoe color printing (Nisikie) and news articles (Sinbun), was first published in 1874 just a few years after the modern newspaper industry began its history in Japan. The first Nisikie-Sinbun called"Tokyo Nichinichi Sinbun"was based on articles of the daily newspaper of the same title. Approximately forty titles of Nisikie-Sinbun were published in Tokyo, Osaka and other cities till the mid-1880's. Although important as a visual news medium, Nisikie-Sinbun has not been paid much attention either in historical newspaper studies or aesthetically oriented studies on Ukiyoe because of its ambiguous position. This monograph aims to describe conditions under which Nisikie-Sinbun was published, in relation to newspaper publishing of that period. About 750 sheets of original material were studied in this research and the findings attempt to clarify the role of Nisikie-Sinbun as a news medium mainly for illiterate and semiliterate people. In Tokyo, where Nisikie-Sinbun was first published, the titles, serial numbers and topics were borrowed from the parent daily newspapers. Some members of the staff of"Tokyo Nichinichi Sinbun"including an illustrator and writers joined forces to make its visual version. Their ideas and experience in showing news graphically led to the illustrated newspaper called"Tokyo Eiri Sinbun", the first illustrated newspaper in Japan, published by the same members. Two representative Nisikie-Sinbun series, "Tokyo Nichinichi Sinbun"and"Yuubinhouchi Sinbun", usually followed the original newspaper articles at intervals of from several days to two months. The regional aspect of their topics appeared to be concentrated in Tokyo and its surroundings. Because of this regularity and localization, Nisikie-Sinbun deserves recognition as the first periodical of visual medium in Japan, though it was said to have been sold as a gift. In Osaka, where Nisikie-Sinbun was published a few months later than in Tokyo, it enjoyed the role and popularity of the only news medium bearing"Sinbun (news)"in its titles, because there was as yet no daily newspaper. Most of these issues were published by leading Ezousiya, companies for vulgar publication and were criticized as false stories, though they were mostly based on newspapers of Tokyo or original reports on Osaka and nearby regions. They were treated the same as a newspaper and two of them were in fact officially registered as newspapers. They were also appreciated by many in the "Naniwa Sinbun", the first daily newspaper in Osaka published from December 1876. Their importance is that they created interest in the newspaper among uneducated people and prepared a market for popular newspapers.

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